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Chez Kant, le noumène (la chose en soi telle qu'elle existe, indépendamment de ce qui peut la connaître ou la sentir) s'oppose à "phénomène" . Ce qui est nouménal est indépendant de la perception, est phénoménal tout ce qui peut être perçu par les sens (objets, faits, événements).
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---> noumenon
Noumena are the basic realities behind all sensory experience. According to Kant, they are not knowable because they cannot be perceived, but they must be thinkable because moral decision making and scientific investigation cannot proceed without the assumption that they exist.
---> phenomenon
A
phenomenon is an observable fact or event; in philosophy the definitions and
uses of the term have varied. In the philosophy of Aristotle phenomena were
the objects of the senses (e.g., sights and sounds), as opposed to the real
objects understood by the mind. Later, phenomena were considered the
observed facts and were contrasted with the theories used to explain them.
Modern philosophers have used “phenomenon” to designate what is
apprehended before judgment is applied. For Immanuel Kant a phenomenon was
the object of experience and was the opposite of a noumenon, the
thing-in-itself, to which Kant’s categories did not apply.
For Descarte reason is the principle governing all what is human.
